In the terrible wake of the Holocaust, Germany's response has been to build an actiev culture of Erinnerungskultur, or memory culture, a collective commitment to remember and face up to the nation’s crimes under Hitler, and to accept Germany’s sole and permanent responsibility for the murder of six million Jews. Driven by the motto to never let Aushwitz be repeated, the commitment reveals itself in many ways: it is present in the education system, in the meticulous preservation of former concentration camp sites, in books and films and a uniquely dense network of monuments. As a result of this memory culture, Germany has translated its historical guilt into pride in the country's exceptional will in taking an active stance against any and all instances of anti-Semitism.

the 4b movement is based on 4 pillars, with “bi” being the Korean word for no. this includes, no heterosexual marriage, no childbirth, no going on dates with men, no dating and no dating men. the movement has recently started momentum on TikTok but it traces back to 2019. The previous year, women of South Korea had taken to the streets to protest against the epidemic of voyeurism and spy cam porn with women being recorded in public restrooms and changing rooms etc. with no major changes in the policy. the increased visibility of 4b movement also come at a time of demographic crisis in South Korea with one of the lowest birth rates in the world. Despite increased visibility online, the movement still represents a small part of the population.

Sex positivity — the idea that feminism should privilege sexual pleasure  — has been a popular strand within feminism. It was a reaction to puritanical trends in feminism that ignored the reality of women’s desires.

But sex positivity now seems to be fading from fashion among younger people, failing to speak to their longings and frustrations just as anti-porn feminism failed to speak to those of an earlier generation. It’s no longer radical, or even really necessary, to proclaim that women take pleasure in sex. If anything, taking pleasure in sex seems, to some, vaguely obligatory. In a July BuzzFeed News article headlined, “These Gen Z Women Think Sex Positivity Is Overrated,” one 23-year-old woman said, “It feels like we were tricked into exploiting ourselves.” - Michelle Goldberg, NYT

You are Zara, a 24 year old Pakistani woman who meets Veer during a trip to India. You stay with his family for a night and celebrate Lohri with them. Over the course of your visit, you become convinced that Veer is your soulmate. However, you are already engaged to your father's political ally's son, a marriage that promises significant benefits for your family and your father's political career.

Your fiancé, Raza, sees you hugging Veer at a dargah and, out of jealousy, he presents Veer with a dramatic choice: Raza will make Zara's life a living hell as his wife, if Veer does not willingly go to Pakistani jail on false charges. Veer, out of his love for Zara, accepts Raza's offer, and is imprisoned for 15 years. Zara comes to know about Veer's sacrifice.

Collective Security refers to the concept that underlines that concerns of

security move away from self help (nations engaging in their own security

strategy) to collective concern. This is based on the principle of "All for one and

one for all"

.It is based on the theory of Balance of Power, under which

whenever any state tries to gain preponderance on other states, all other states

will come together to balance it so as to prevent it from establishing a

hegemony. On the other hand, Collective Defence is a regional concept under

which military alliance is preferred: the enemy is already identified and

membership is narrow.It is based on a disbelief and distrust in collective

security as a reliable strategy for self-defence

Supranationalism is the existence of authority which is higher than that of

nation-state. After nation-states have consented to becoming a part of the

supranational body, it has the capability of imposing its will on its constituent

nation states, for example, one way is through laws that, if passed through the

supranational legislature, are binding on the constituent nation-states. Under

this, sovereignity and decision-making authority is transferred from the

constituent bodies to the international or regional organisation.

Intergovernmentalism refers to the interaction amongst nation-states which

takes place on the basis of sovereign independence.In such bodies, state

sovereignity is preserved through the process of unanimous decision making

where each entity has a veto.

"Signed into law on 16th August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act is a $430 billion package of federal spending, tax breaks, credits, and levies, aimed at fighting climate change, reducing healthcare costs, and making large corporations pay their “fair share” in taxes. Besides its goal of bringing down inflation, the Act is the biggest climate action package in U.S. which combines climate action goals with industrial policy, aiming to transition to clean energy.Its provisions entail that only passenger EVs assembled in North America and critical materials extracted, processed and recycled in North America, are eligible for a tax credit incentive, thus incentivizing local manufacturing of renewable energy components. 

EU is concerned about the IRA’s possibly “discriminatory” provisions  and fear that the IRA provisions for green product makers in North America and free-trade partner countries put European companies at a disadvantage and may push them to move critical parts of their supply chains to America. French President Macron has attempted to revive calls for a “buy European act”, which could make government procurement and subsidies contingent on manufacturing on the continent. 

The EU’s Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager, while acknowledging potential damage for European businesses, has cautioned against it amid already fragile global geopolitical conditions.

However, response from U.S.A. has been dismal as Biden has made it clear that America might be open ""tweaks"" here and there in the Act but made it clear that “US makes no apology” for promoting American manufacturing and would continue to create jobs for its people."

You are a 16 year old. Your mother is a successful, critically acclaimed writer and your father is also a writer of lesser renown, and he spends his time home-schooling you. You spend most of your time with your father, and are much closer to him and while you love your mother, you find her cold and distant and you hear them fight often. You believe your father deserves better.

One day, you were out on a walk, and when you came back, you find your father’s dead body. The state believes that it is a case of murder while your mother’s defence is that he committed suicide. The only way she doesn’t face a prison sentence is if you testify saying that you think he committed suicide. You want to do what is right. The son has no way of knowing what really happened.

You are X, a devout christian woman belonging to a catholic family. You fall in love with Y who is in your college, and is an atheist. You have been dating for three years.If you choose to marry him, you will be excommunicated from the church.

Friendshoring is a strategy where a country sources the raw materials, components and even manufactured goods from countries that share its values. The dependence on the countries considered a "threat" to the stability of the supply chains is slowly reduced.

Example - US is trying to influence firms to move their sourcing and manufacturing sites to friendly shores such as those of Canada etc.

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a free trade agreement among the Asia-Pacific nations of Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. The RCEP involves the elimination of tariffs and establishes common rules for trade and intellectual property. 

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The final girl is a trope in horror films (particularly slasher films). It refers to how in slasher films the last individual standing, who has survived the onslaught of the killer, predominantly happens to be a woman, who is the one left to tell the story.

Sofia Coppola is an American director regarded as an ""auteur"" because of how she captures girlhood within her films. Television writer, Emily Yoshida states: Her films consistently put us at eye level with young women trapped in gilded cages — whether it’s in a luxury hotel in Tokyo, amid the hallowed columns of Graceland or in a comfortable two-story suburban home under the watch of overprotective parents. 2)  Coppola's 2017 film The Beguiled was adapted from a 1966 novel of the same name. It follows the lives of girls and their teacher in an all-girl's school during the American civil war and it portrays the war through the eyes of white women living within the confederacy. A wounded Union soldier appears at their doorstep and the film explores the complexites of female desire, repressio, alienation, and takes a decidedly de-politicised take. The original story had a Black slave character who Coppola removed completely. 3) When addressing backlash over the removal of the character, Coppola stated, ""(the author of the book) made the choice to include a slave, Mattie, as a side-character. He wrote in his idea of Mattie’s voice, and she is the only one who doesn’t speak proper English—her voice is not even grammatically transcribed.

I did not want to perpetuate an objectionable stereotype where facts and history supported my choice of setting the story of these white women in complete isolation, after the slaves had escaped. Moreover, I felt that to treat slavery as a side-plot would be insulting.

 1) AI Ethics washing entails giving lip service or window dressing to claimed caring concerns about AI Ethics precepts, including at times not only failing to especially abide by Ethical AI approaches but even going so far as to subvert or undercut AI Ethics approaches. 2) AI ethicists create guidelines that define ethically sound paths for AI development and deployment. They also monitor compliance, in an advisory capacity, to oversee that projects remain within moral boundaries.

2) AI ethicists create guidelines that define ethically sound paths for AI development and deployment. They also monitor compliance, in an advisory capacity, to oversee that projects remain within moral boundaries. 

 The right to be forgotten is the right to have private information about a person be removed from Internet searches and other directories under some circumstances. The issue has arisen from desires of individuals to "determine the development of their life in an autonomous way, without being perpetually or periodically stigmatized as a consequence of a specific action performed in the past". The right entitles a person to have data about them deleted so that it can no longer be discovered by third parties, particularly through search engines.